# ANTOINE LAVOISIER #


Antoine Lavoisier foi un químico francés, naceu en París el 26 de agosto do ano 1743, e morreu o 8 de maio do 1794 tamen en París, non exactamente de morte natural como despois veremos.
Estudou cosas tan interesantes como a oxidación dos corpos, o fenómeno da respiración animal, analizou o aire, e estableceu a Lei de conservación da masa, entre outas cousas.
Vamos a pasar a facer unha resumida biografía da vida de Lavoisier.
Como xa dixemos antes, Lavoisier naceu en París no ano 1743. O seu pai era avogado e conselleiro parlamentario, vamos que Lavoisier naceu nunha familia acomodada, polo que recibiu unha boa educación.
-No ano 1764 acaba a carreira de dereito, pero el sempre se sentira mais atraído pola ciencia.
-No 1765 recibe a medalla de ouro da 'Academia ótica industria da pólvora', por este motivo desplazase ó arsenal de París, onde monta un bo laboratorio.
-En 1768 é admitido na 'Academia Francesa' e foi escalando ata chegar a ser director no ano 1875 e tesoreuro no ano 1791. É nombrado asistente nun dos departamentos recaudadores de impostos e mais tarde membro titular da principal agencia recaudadora de impostos.
-No 1770 faise famoso ó demostrar que non era certa a creenza de que a auga podia convertirse en terra destilando a auga, demostrouno pesando de maneira moi precisa o residuo sólido e o aparato de destilación, e descubriu que o sólido prodecia do recipiente e non da auga.
-Un ano despois, no ano 1771 casouse con Marie Paulze. A dote permitiulle instalar un laboratorio moi grande, e ela axudarialle por exemplo na ilustración dos seus experimentos.
-No 1772 o seu pai comproulle un título de nobreza (algo bastante típico naquelas fechas) . Neste mesmo ano afirmou que o fósforo e o azufre aumentan de peso cando se queman porque absorven aire.
-Neste ano, o 1773 publica o seu primeiro libro, cuxo título é 'Opúsculos Físicos e Químicos'
-No ano 1775 é nombrado director da administración da pólvora.
-No 1777 deulle ó aire desflogisticdo o actual nome de osíxeno

-Xa un cantos anos despois, no 1783 anunciou á Academia que a auga é oresultado da combinación do hidróxeno có osíxeno.

-No ano 1785 é nombrado membro do comité gubernamental sobre agricultura, e escribiu informes sobre cultivos e algúns esquemas agrícolas.

-No ano 1787 xunto cun grupo de químicos franceses publica o método de nomenclatura química, que clasificou e renombrou os elementos e compostos daquelas coñecidos. Como terratenente da provincia de Orleans, foi escollido membro da asamblea provinciaal.

-Con outros químicos, no 1788, crea os 'Informes de química', unha revista adicada á química.

-No ano 1789 publica o seu 'Tratado elemental de química'.Neste tratado definiu como elementos aquelas substancias que non poden convertirse noutras mais simples. Neste tratado tamén estableceu a sua ley de conservación da masa dicindo ''Nada se crea ou se destrue, solo hai alteraciones e modificaciones e hai unha cantidade de masa antes e despois da operación''.Neste ano comezou a revolución francesa e el participou, e cando se reuniron os Estados Xenerales, foi diputado e elaborou un codigo de instrucciones para guía de los diputados.

-No 1790 foi nombrado secretario e tesoreiro da comisión para asegurar a uniformidade de pesos e medidas en toda Francia, o que levou ó establecemento do sistema métrico.

-No 1791 perdeu a sua posición como administrador da pólvora e onligaronlle a abandoar o arsenal.Jean Paul Marat acusouno.

-No ano 1793 suprimiuse a Academia das ciencias, e Marat un cabecilla revolucionario da revolución francesa, acusou a Lavoisier de complots absurdos e esixiu a sua morte. Ainda que Marat morreu asesinado en xullo do 1793 o que el dixera seguiuse a ter en conta.Creese que Marat atacoua Lavoisier porqu este desacreditara un tratado de Marat.

-En 1794 despois dun xuizo non moi xusto, xa que durou menos dun día, un tribunal revolucionario condenou a morte a Lavoisier e a outros 27 a pena de morte.Esa mesma tarde foi guillotinado, e o seu corpo foi arroxado a unha fosa común.

Como vedes a vida de Lavoisier foi interesante, aínda que non rematou moi ben....

Espero que vos agradara esta entrada. Daniel Meira

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